", "Mr Abdelkader Bendamèche répond à l'APS au sujet du mandole (Translation: Mr Abdelkader Bendamèche responds to the APS about the mandola)", "Hi, my name is Brian Dean. Specs. Like the bowlback, the flatback has a round sound hole. Std Gibson mandolin scale length is 13 7/8 inches and classical (bowlback) scale is 13 inches. The most commonly known member of the mandolin family, the mandolin itself is probably the least contentious. However, another archtop exists, the top made of laminated wood or thin sheets of solid wood, pressed into the arched shape. Not carving them correctly can lead to a dull sound. The tuning of the mandolin, low to high, is: G, D, A, E. See the graphic below. [27] Other modern manufacturers include Lorenzo Lippi (Milan), Hendrik van den Broek (Netherlands), Brian Dean (Canada), Salvatore Masiello and Michele Caiazza (La Bottega del Mandolino) and Ferrara, Gabriele Pandini. [38][37] Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments. Additionally, the relatively short scale length makes the transition from a standard mandolin to the octave somewhat easier than from some longer scale … These were made by the Gibson company in the early 20th century, but appear to have never been very common. [1] There has also been a twelve-string (three strings per course) type and an instrument with sixteen-strings (four strings per course). As a reference, on the piano, the low G is tuned to the G just below Middle C (C4), or G3. Mandola Specific instruments have been designed to overcome the mandolin's rapid decay with its plucked notes. Mandolin banjos were and are always played with a flat pick. Figured blackwood sides and neck. Rosewood fretboard 13-7/8 scale length (zero fret), 32 mm bone nut, quality gold geared tuners, quality hand made brass tail piece. A handful of contemporary luthiers build piccolo mandolins. The four courses are typically tuned to G, D, A, and E. Bill Monroe, known as the “Founder of Bluegrass” pioneered the chop style of play, making the mandolin a signature instrument in bands throughout Kentucky during the early 20th Century. The Neapolitan style has spread worldwide. PRS opted for a scale length of 25", which is also found on Dobro and National guitars. Original Loar-signed instruments are sought after and extremely valuable. Owing to the shape and to the common construction from wood strips of alternating colors, in the United States these are sometimes colloquially referred to as the "potato bug" or "potato beetle" mandolin. The piccolo or sopranino mandolin is a rare member of the family, tuned one octave above the mandola and one fourth above the mandolin (C4–G4–D5–A5); the same relation as that of the piccolo (to the western concert flute) or violino piccolo (to the violin and viola). A smaller scale four-string mandobass, usually tuned in fifths: G1–D2–A2–E3 (two octaves below the mandolin), though not as resonant as the larger instrument, was often preferred by players as easier to handle and more portable. 31), Stravinsky (Agon), Prokofiev (Romeo and Juliet) and Webern (opus Parts 10). Among the most important European mandolin composers of the 20th century are Raffaele Calace (composer, performer and luthier) and Giuseppe Anedda (virtuoso concert pianist and professor of the first chair of the Conservatory of Italian Mandolin, Padua, 1975). The body has a rounded almond shape with flat or sometimes canted soundboard. They were developed in the early 1930s, contemporaneous with the development of the electric guitar. While occupying the same range as the octave mandolin/octave mandola, the Irish bouzouki is theoretically distinguished from the former instrument by its longer scale length, typically from 24 to 26 inches (610 to 660 mm), although scales as long as 27 inches (690 mm), which is the usual Greek bouzouki scale, are not unknown. Early instruments were quiet, strung with gut strings, and plucked with the fingers or with a quill. The octave mandolin (US and Canada), termed the octave mandola in Britain and Ireland and mandola in continental Europe, is tuned an octave below the mandolin: G2–D3–A3–E4. I prefer a longer scale length for mandolas than some as I feel that it makes a more resonant tone while still retaining the inherent punchiness of a mandolin. Artist To Artist: 10 Minutes With Avi Avital. Furthermore, of the works that have been written for mandolin from the 18th century onward, many have been lost or forgotten. It has a scale length of 14 inches, a body width of 10 1/8th inches and an overall length of 27 1/4th inches. Parts for mandolin are included in works by Schoenberg (Variations Op. Note that the numbers of Hz shown above assume a 440 Hz A, standard in most parts of the western world. The body width is 12 1/4th inches and overall body length measures 37 ½ inches. The Greek laouto or laghouto (long-necked lute) is similar to a mandocello, ordinarily tuned C3/C2–G3/G2–D3/D3–A3/A3 with half of each pair of the lower two courses being tuned an octave high on a lighter gauge string. Chris Henry gives a lesson on scale exercises for technique and clean tone on the mandolin. This new style is credited to mandolins designed and built by Orville Gibson, a Kalamazoo, Michigan, luthier who founded the "Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Limited" in 1902. The round-backed version has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The instrument is most often tuned to either D2–G2–D3–A3–D4 or G2–D3–A3–D4–A4, and is essentially an octave mandola with a fifth course at either the top or the bottom of its range. [39] The peg-head is similar to the guitar's.[40]. Some luthiers, such as Stefan Sobell, also refer to the octave mandola or a shorter-scaled Irish bouzouki as a cittern, irrespective of whether it has four or five courses. Gidgee fretboard, ebony bridge. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Some of these await discovery in museums and libraries and archives. These mandolins can have four or five individual or double courses of strings. Typically, the F-style has a wing on the opposite side of the scroll and a point at the lower bout to make it comfortable to hold. This article is about the musical instrument. Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found. It usually has a bent sound table, canted in two planes with the design to take the tension of the eight metal strings arranged in four courses. Some also call this instrument the "alto mandola". Scale length 42cm, tuning one-fifth below mandolin, CGDA. Japanese website, but needed parts are in English. Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Carlo Curti, Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century. Mandolin Family In addition to F5 and Octave mandolins, I also make Mandolas in the classic H5 style with a 15.5" scale length and an A model Mandola with a 16.5" scale length. Vivaldi created some concertos for mandolinos and orchestra: one for 4-chord mandolino, string bass & continuo in C major, (RV 425), and one for two 5-chord mandolinos, bass strings & continuo in G major, (RV 532), and concerto for two mandolins, 2 violons "in Tromba"—2 flûtes à bec, 2 salmoe, 2 théorbes, violoncelle, cordes et basse continuein in C major (p. 16). [24], In the United States, when the bowlback was being made in numbers, Lyon and Healy was a major manufacturer, especially under the "Washburn" brand. Like the violin, its scale length is typically about 13 inches (330 mm). Works for mandolin or with major parts for mandolin. Widest point on the body 11-3/4 wide. The archtop, also known as the carved-top mandolin has an arched top and a shallower, arched back both carved out of wood. Privacy Policy | Website designed & developed by ToolStudios, Website designed & developed by ToolStudios. [25] The fingerboard was lengthened over the sound hole for the E strings, the high pitched strings. Electric guitar Acoustic guitar Bass Banjo Mandolin Dulcimer Ukulele. One result of this dearth being that there were few positions for mandolinists in regular orchestras. [29], German manufacturers include Albert & Mueller, Dietrich, Klaus Knorr, Reinhold Seiffert and Alfred Woll. The double top is a feature that luthiers are experimenting with in the 21st century, to get better sound. 5-course tenor mandola> With an extra pair of strings, typically tuned CGDAE, this instrument covers the ranges of both mandolin and tenor mandola. [59] His 4 small pieces date from 1796: Sonatine WoO 43a; Adagio ma non troppo WoO 43b; Sonatine WoO 44a and Andante con Variazioni WoO 44b. [46] The sticker inside one of the four surviving instruments indicates the build was called after him, the Sistema Ginislao Paris). [24][27] The German bowlbacks use a style developed by Seiffert, with a larger and rounder body. The bandolim is a Portuguese variant of the mandolin family. There were a variety of regional variants, but two most widespread ones were the Neapolitan mandolin and the Lombardic mandolin. [54] Today banjolin is sometimes reserved to describe an instrument with four strings, while the version with the four courses of double strings is called a mandolin-banjo. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. In the case of Weber, the scroll joins the instruments top and back in a hand carved swallow tail. [42], The bandolim is commonly used wherever the Spanish and Portuguese took it: in South America, in Brazil (Choro) and in the Philippines. [15] For a mandocello tuning using fifths C2 C2 G2 G2 D3 D3 A3 A3 (E4) (E4).[16]. "Thread: Avi Avital and the Arik Kerman mandolin", "Heavy Metal Electric Mandolin, inventions", "Mandolin Mania in Buffalo's Italian Community, 1895 to 1918", "Quintetto A Plettro "Raffaele Calace" Ensemble "Quadro Raro" – Serenata Veneziana With Mandolin", "The Mandolin, One of the Sweetest Stringed Instruments", "The Mandolin: Its Structure and Performance (Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries)", Accademia Mandolinistica Pugliese (Puglia-Italy), List of mandolin method books from 1629 to present, List of composers for the mandolin with more than 1900 names. the 12th fret is the middle of the scale length. One example of rediscovered 18th-century music for mandolin and ensembles with mandolins is the Gimo collection, collected in the first half of 1762 by Jean Lefebure. Gustav Mahler used the mandolin in his Symphony No. Modern American mandolins modelled after Gibsons have a longer scale, about 13 ⁄8 inches (350 mm). The bridge is held to the soundboard by the strings. Different body sizes make for a change in tone that creates a new voice, adding flavor to your music. [33], Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. Bowlback mandolins (also known as roundbacks), are used worldwide. It is typically a five course (ten string) instrument having a scale length between 20 and 22 inches (510 and 560 mm). 7, Symphony No. Hand carved western red cedar top. [47][45] Joseph Brent's mandolin, made by Brian Dean also uses what Brent calls a false back. What is scale length? 1897 Advertisement for a Lyon and Healy made, Cremonese mandolin with four strings, from an 1805 book by. The tone of the flatback is described as warm or mellow, suitable for folk music and smaller audiences. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_length_(string_instruments) Other American-made variants include the mandolinetto or Howe-Orme guitar-shaped mandolin (manufactured by the Elias Howe Company between 1897 and roughly 1920), which featured a cylindrical bulge along the top from fingerboard end to tailpiece and the Vega mando-lute (more commonly called a cylinder-back mandolin manufactured by the Vega Company between 1913 and roughly 1927), which had a similar longitudinal bulge but on the back rather than the front of the instrument. 19 works from Italian composers, during the mandolins first rise, copies from manuscript into modern notation. [27] Other American manufacturers include Martin, Vega, and Larson Brothers. American forms include the Army-Navy mandolin, the flatiron and the pancake mandolins. Internal bracing to support the top in the F-style mandolins is usually achieved with parallel tone bars, similar to the bass bar on a violin. The strings in each of its double-strung courses are tuned in unison, and the courses use the same tuning as the violin: G3–D4–A4–E5. The resonating body may be shaped as a bowl (necked bowl lutes) or a box (necked box lutes). Scale length is 38cm They are most commonly manufactured in Europe, where the long history of mandolin development has created local styles. This has been sometimes modified to an elongated hole, called a D-hole. Predecessors include the gittern and mandore or mandola in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries. Lombardic mandolin with twelve strings in six courses. [42], In the early 1970s English luthier Stefan Sobell developed a large-bodied, flat-backed mandolin with a carved soundboard, based on his own cittern design; this is often called a 'Celtic' mandolin.[43][44]. Other tunings include: A2–D3–A3–D4, G2–D3–A3–E4 (an octave below the mandolin—in which case it essentially functions as an octave mandolin), G2–D3–G3–D4 or A2–D3–A3–E4. Here’s an image of three instruments with different scale lengths. Like the double bass, it most frequently has 4 single strings, rather than double courses, and also like the double bass, it is most commonly tuned to perfect fourths rather than fifths (a trait all other chordophones in the violin family possess): E1–A1–D2–G2, which is also the same tuning as a bass guitar. This is especially true of violin music, since the mandolin has the same tuning as the violin. The mandolin is the soprano member of the mandolin family, as the violin is the soprano member of the violin family. [17] Reportedly, however, most mandolin orchestras preferred to use the ordinary double bass, rather than a specialised mandolin family instrument. This will also provide you with nut-to-fret and fret-to-fret dimensions. [24][31], Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy. The bass strings on a 25" scale are fuller sounding than some 24-3/4" instruments, which can sometimes sound muddy. THE TENOR MANDOLIN… This instrument has a scale length longer than the mandolin but shorter than the octave mandola. These have become increasingly common in the world of internationally constructed musical instruments in the 21st century. Numerous modern mandolin makers build instruments that largely replicate the Gibson F-5 Artist models built in the early 1920s under the supervision of Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar. [8][9][10] The action of the strings on the bridge causes the soundboard to vibrate, producing sound.[11]. He favored the four single strings of the Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan. Scale length of a Sobell is 58cm or 22 7/8". This instrument is available in the Original and Teardrop ranges only. A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is generally plucked with a plectrum. Although the Irish bouzouki's bass course pairs are most often tuned in unison, on some instruments one of each pair is replaced with a lighter string and tuned in octaves, similar to the 12-string guitar. The instrument has a variant off the coast of South America in Trinidad, where it is known as the bandol, a flat-backed instrument with four courses, the lower two strung with metal and nylon strings.[12]. [55] The result was an instrument capable of playing heavy metal style guitar riffs or violin-like passages with sustained notes that can be adjusted as with an electric guitar. Its scale length is typically about 26 inches (660 mm). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandolin&oldid=1011190481, Articles lacking reliable references from September 2020, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz instrument identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 March 2021, at 14:51. Instruments are flat on top and back. [25] The Roman mandolin had mechanical tuning gears before the Neapolitan. It is normally tuned like a viola (perfect fifth below the mandolin) and tenor banjo: C3–G3–D4–A4. Orchestral works in which the mandolin has a limited part. Please note, the fret calculator will not convert scale lengths, you can use our measurement converter to … More recently, the Baroque and Classical mandolin repertory and styles have benefited from the raised awareness of and interest in Early music, with media attention to classical players such as Israeli Avi Avital, Italian Carlo Aonzo and American Joseph Brent. Can be tuned to DAEB or CGDA (or similar) SN: 52020. 18-1/2” scale length. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Laminated-wood presstops are less resonant than carved wood, the wood and glue vibrating differently than wood grain. For the kitchen tool, see, (a regularly tuned mandolin with 14 frets to body), Musician with cittern, RI Scottish Highland Festival, June 2012, Algerian mandole (flatback) from the side. Like all the hybrid banjo family, it takes its name, tuning, and playing style from its neck. [35] When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan. "[35], Brescian mandolins (also known as Cremonese) that have survived in museums have four gut strings instead of six and a fixed bridge. The pressed-top instruments are made to appear the same as the carved top instruments; however, the pressed tops do not sound the same as the carved-wood tops. The strings are suspended over the neck and soundboard and pass over a floating bridge. The bridge is glued to the soundboard, like a guitar's bridge. It is normally tuned in unison pairs … The mandolins popularity has spread to many music genres…as we like to say, “From Bluegrass to Bach!” In most cases you will have to custom order the mandola, octave mandolin and mandocello - but we do offer a few standard production models. However, Japanese luthiers also make them. [6], Strings run between mechanical tuning machines at the top of the neck to a tailpiece that anchors the other end of the strings. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. It most commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison, thus giving a total of 8 strings, although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. [5] The necked box instruments include archtop mandolins and the flatback mandolins. [55], See Mandolin playing traditions worldwide and History of the mandolin. The pairs of strings are actually Read more… [34] The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-silk bass-strings. [50] Other players of Kerman mandolins include Alon Sariel,[51][52] Jacob Reuven,[50] and Tom Cohen.[53]. Some makers instead employ "X-bracing," which is two tone bars mortised together to form an X. The treble strings are not only easier to bend than on a 25-1/2" scale, but also have a warmer, and fuller tone. Hand carved blackwood (highly figured) back. [41] The Germans used it in Wandervogel. Generally, in the United States, Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins and mandolins influenced by that design are strongly associated with bluegrass, while the A-style is associated with other types of music, although it too is most often used for and associated with bluegrass. The OCTAVE MANDOLIN is just what the name implies, tuned a full octave below the mandolin, also tuned to G, D, A, and E. It typically has a 20 inch scale length, although Weber is able to also build them with a 22 inch scale length in our Custom Shop. 1916 Gibson F4 with arched and carved top, curled scroll and oval soundhole, 1924 Gibson F-5 mandolin, with f-shaped soundholes designed by Lloyd Loar. If you plug in your scale length, string gauges and tuning, it will give you a readout of the tension on each of the strings. [38] Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone. The most popular traditional design is the F-style body with its ornate hand carved scroll. [41], The type was developed in Europe in the 1850s. The mandolin's paired strings facilitate this technique: the plectrum (pick) strikes each of a pair of strings alternately, providing a more full and continuous sound than a single string would. A resonator mandolin or "resophonic mandolin" is a mandolin whose sound is produced by one or more metal cones (resonators) instead of the customary wooden soundboard (mandolin top/face). As far as scale goes the easiest way to determine that for us math-challenged is to measure from the nut to the 12th fret and double it. Of course, the MANDOLIN is by far the most popular. Within that range of mandolin scale length (13 7/8th and 14) the boards would be slightly different or the intonation would be off. However, due to the soundhole placement and internal bracing, the bridge placement on the body of an oval hole mandolin is different than on a f-style mandolin. [48] Brent's mandolin was the luthier's solution to Brent's request for a loud mandolin in which the wood was clearly audible, with less metallic sound from the strings. Select based on if you entered a scale length of inches or millimeters. An instrument with a mandolin neck paired with a banjo-style body was patented by Benjamin Bradbury of Brooklyn in 1882 and given the name banjolin by John Farris in 1885. They're more-or-less mandolin-shaped, have a tenor-guitar-like (or octave-mandolin-like) 21" scale length, and doubled courses. The mandola, termed the tenor mandola in Britain and Ireland and liola or alto mandolin in continental Europe, is tuned a fifth below the mandolin, in the same relationship as that of the viola to the violin, or the alto flute to the flute. The problem with thinking of them as a modern octave mandolin, though, is that people usually over-string them and they arrive with a typical set of structural issues. [57] Lefebure collected the music in Italy, and it was forgotten until manuscripts were rediscovered.[57]. The bridge is a movable length of hardwood. Some players use an A up to 10 Hz above or below a 440, mainly outside the United States. Usually, courses of 2 adjacent strings are tuned in unison. As a result, the fingerboard (although still a 13 7/8" scale) has to be moved. [25], Prominent Italian manufacturers include Vinaccia (Naples), Embergher[26] (Rome) and Calace (Naples). I build classical mandolin", "Mandolin (neapolitan, Round Back, Bowl Back...)", "Historia et imago Cremae. Other relatives of the cittern, which might also be loosely linked to the mandolins (and are sometimes tuned and played as such), include the 6-course/12-string Portuguese guitar and the 5-course/9-string waldzither. This scale lenght is about as short as practical without the G string sounding "thumpy" when fretted. The Lyon and Heally mandolins even had violin scale of … At the very end of the 19th century, a new style, with a carved top and back construction inspired by violin family instruments began to supplant the European-style bowl-back instruments in the United States. [35] The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. Traditional Italian mandolins, such as the Neapolitan mandolin, meet the necked bowl description. [33][34] The strings ran between the tuning pegs and a bridge that was glued to the soundboard, as a guitar's. Like any plucked instrument, mandolin notes decay to silence rather than sound out continuously as with a bowed note on a violin, and mandolin notes decay faster than larger chordophones like the guitar. I feel that the guitar body and scale length contribute to a wide dynamic range for the instrument, facilitating all kinds of music and styles of playing.
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