If you don’t want to extract these files yourself, I packaged all the files you need from iOS 12 beta 4. With the modified device tree, the Image4 module initializes, but now I have a panic from a data abort in rorgn_lockdown. sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev libsdl1.2-dev. Are there ways to create iOS image suitable for Qemu? According to the QEMU wiki and the Homebrew recipe, you need to install Xcode and Homebrew, then run, brew install pkg-config libtool jpeg glib pixman. Seriously, though, this only runs a tiny bit of iOS, and is nowhere close to iOS emulation. For full iOS emulation, the next step would be reverse engineering the iPhone’s SoC to find out how its peripherals work. The i440fx has a PCI 2.1 compatible bus and a PCI-to-ISA bridge. The QEMU image uses coreboot v3 (r672) and FILO (r45) with a certain configuration (for example: it's looking for /boot/grub/menu.lst on hda1). (Later versions should also work.) I fixed this by adding these registers to QEMU’s virtual CPU, allowing the kernel to read and write them. In a default Qemu NAT mode, an installed guest (Cisco IOS XE) have direct access to the host and its IP address of the guest is obtained from the default built-in Qemu DHCP server. In the second post, I will detail some Or as UnthreadedJB would say, “#we r of #fakr!”. Previous iOS emulation efforts such as iEmu (by the team that later made Corellium) tries to emulate iBoot because it’s simpler to understand than the iOS kernel at the time. If I had time/motiviation/money I’d look at the dynamips G4 emulation that seems to be pretty good (it runs Cisco IOS just fine), and adapt that to run MacOS. Here’s the output from the virtual serial port: If you would like to examine iOS’s boot process yourself, here’s how you can try it out. Download IOS XRv VMDK file from Cisco.com. Congratulations, you’ve just ran a tiny bit of iOS with a virtual iPhone! All I had to do to get the timer working was to hook it up to FIQ. XNU needs boot arguments to find where the kernel is loaded and how much memory the system has. QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer. Meanwhile, when I tried doing low-level bringup on my Nexus 6P, the only way I can check that my code is actually running is by adding a reboot command. It turns out QEMU already supports emulating the iPhone’s serial port, thanks to a quirk of history. The version of lldb included in Xcode 9.3 should work. … (e.g. Up to this point, my only outputs from the virtual device were QEMU’s log messages and GDB breakpoints. iOS’s device tree is missing two properties: chip-epoch and security-domain, which causes the module to panic with the 0x60 error. While wanting to do some iOS security research and inspired by the work done by zhuowei, I decided to try and get this emulation project further along the boot process. Thanks to @winocm, whose darwin-on-arm project originally inspired me to learn about the XNU kernel. -boot -d: The boot option allows us to specify the boot order, which device should be booted first? By examining QEMU’s log of the data abort exception, and cross referencing using Hopper, I found that it crashed in pe_identify_machine. First, let me repeat: this is completely useless unless you’re really interested in iOS internals. Once QEMU is compiled, you need to obtain the required iOS kernelcache, device tree, and ramdisk. To make QEMU ignore the invalid register write, I searched for the error message, and commented out the error. X11 Forwarding (future Display) I don’t have any drivers for storage, but I can mount an iOS Recovery RAMDisk, which requires no drivers. Part 1 is here. $ qemu -m 1G -drive cache=writeback,file=hd0.img -cdrom debian-K9-hurd-i386-CD1.iso -fda floppy.img -boot a -net nic -net tap Once you have logged in as root run the pfinet translator with values that apply to your network. Timers are now standardized across all ARMv8 cpus, so only the serial port must be implemented for debug output. This works as long as host and guest os need the same hardware i.e. Well, duh: I didn’t provide any yet, so it’s trying to load from a null pointer. (e.g. I thought: how hard can it be to boot a tiny bit of iOS in an emulator? QEMU, in full system emulation mode, only emulates a Cortex-A57, which supports ARMv8 only; however, the ARMv8.1 instructions are enabled in user mode emulation mode. No drivers are loaded whatsoever, so there’s no emulation of the screen, the USB, the internal storage… You name it: it doesn’t work. Now, with no drivers, XNU seems to hang, but after I patiently waited for a minute…. Corellium built a service that simulates an entire virtual iPhone, bootup process and all, but it’s almost impossible to get an invite. Once that’s done, I’ll be able to figure out why the memory allocation fails, and get the kernel to boot a bit further. […] Since I don’t have 9 years to build a perfect simulation of an iPhone, I decided to go for a less lofty goal: getting enough of iOS emulated until launchd, the first program to run when iOS boots, is able to start. To get around this, I wanted to see if our good ol friend QEMU can help us out and do full x86 emulation. While struggling to automate QEMU guest (communicate and control with the shell scripts), I faced with a lot of incomplete, partially working solutions around the internet. Part 2 is here. This project is a fork of the official QEMU repository. You will also need lldb or gdb for arm64 installed. •Past public research on iOS on QEMU •iOS kernel boot process •Execution of non-apple executables with Trust Cache •Bash execution with launchd My goal: to boot enough of iOS to receive a kernel panic (a crash log). Unfortunately, that’s a 9-year project, as shown by the development history of Corellium. FIQ is usually reserved for debuggers. Qemu Simple Boot 1.3 is available to all software users as a free download for Windows. Therefore, when running iOS (an arm64 OS) on QEMU, we’d be using regular emulation. Instead of a raw disk format, qcow2 disk format can be used in above example. I learned a lot about how iOS boots up with this project. It turns out that the Image4 parser queries the device tree for various nodes in “/chosen” or “/default”; if the value doesn’t exist, it returns error 0x60. This procedure explains how to create ISO boot configuration with 3 traffic interfaces and 3 required interfaces (one is for XR management, and two are reserved). While the mere qemu is a hardware emulator that has to software-simulate every machine instruction qemu-kvm can directly execute native machine instructions. QEMU requires Mac OS X 10.5 or later, but it is recommended to use Mac OS X 10.7 or later. For example, set -boot order=dc to tell QEMU to try the CDROM … For today’s experiment, we’ll try and see if we can get to the macOS recovery environment with a vanilla macOS BaseSystem. The qemu-img is an utility to convert the virtual hard disk format. At this point in time, the chipset included both the Northbridge(Memory Controller) and Southbridge (IO devices) functionality. Runs on ANY device FULL iOS armv8-A GDB Kernel debugging support (step thru & debug the iOS kernel on Linux!) So, what do I need (besides installation media) to install Apple iOS on qemu? Here’s how I got from crashing when loading kernel modules to fully booting the kernel. I disabled every other driver in the kernel. The boot_args struct is well documented by Apple. The digital disk. Now the kernel crashes with a bunch of repeated data aborts. Assuming you already have a working QEMU/KVM environment, spinning up a VM with Cisco IOS XRv on QEMU/KVM is simple and straightforward. It’s my hope that this work inspires others to look into proper iOS emulation - from what I’ve seen, it’ll be a great learning experience. If the value is the wrong size, it returns 0x54. My next goal is to start launchd on a virtual iPhone. I downloaded the iOS 12 beta 2 update for the iPhone X. There’s plenty of tutorials online (like this one) on extracting a kernel from an IPSW file, so I followed one, and got a Mach-O executable file. To emulate a extra fashionable formulation, use qemu-system-x86_64. All XNU needs to boot into userspace is a serial port and a timer. (Why change what works?) I tried to boot an iOS 12 kernelcache in QEMU: I managed to get as far as IOKit startup before receiving a kernel panic. Qemu was compiled with tcg accel only, arm, aarch64, i386, and x86 softmmu targets included, and uses some musl-c code to add ucontext support- using the iOS 12 SDK. Modern iPhones still use a serial port design compatible with the very first iPhones, which used Samsung CPUs. qemu-system-aarch64 boot into iOS! I was inspired by @cmwdotme’s Corellium, a service which can boot any iOS in a virtual machine. Now I still have to carry an Android tab, Windows laptop (I can do that on the x220 but I really do not like to dual boot) or iPad with me. To start it, just run OpenCore-Boot.sh from a Terminal window, and a QEMU remote viewer screen should show up soon thereafter. The platform function looks for a device, but since I removed all the device drivers, it waits forever, in vain. I learned a lot about how iOS boots up with this project. To disable all the drivers, I erased every “compatible” property in the device tree, along with a few “name” and “device_type” properties. I wanted to learn how iOS starts up, but modern iOS devices can only be jailbroken after they’ve already booted. Part 2 is here. I checked the disassembly: yes, there’s extra code (0xFFFFFFF0071F953C in iOS 12 beta 4) returning KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE if the page address doesn’t match one of the new KTRR registers added on the A11 processor . Please refer to this README for information about the QEMU project. -d means that the CD-ROM will be the first, then QEMU will boot normally to the hard drive image. Please build on macOS or Linux instead. Now that the device tree is loaded and the serial port initialization code in iOS works, all I need to do is to emulate a serial port at the correct address. The logs show that the call to protect the region modifies the memory mappings, but the call to reset it to read-write doesn’t do anything. I created and populated a boot_args structure, registered it as a QEMU ROM (like the kernel) so that QEMU copies it into the emulated device’s memory, and passed its address into x0 as requested during startup. I can’t do that on my own - that’s why I wrote this tutorial! Qemu supports ARM (and many other platforms). After three days of work, I got iOS to print a crash out of my virtual iPhone’s virtual serial port: That’s real iOS 12 beta 2 code printing that crash. I've been slowly working towards expanding my personal amount of tools, to include things like v8 nodejs and whatever I find interesting. To those who tried building and running it - sorry about taking so long to write up instructions! Since last week’s post, I got the iOS 12 beta 4 kernel to fully boot in QEMU, and even got it to run launchd and start recoveryd from the restore ramdisk. And, after three weeks, the virtual serial port finally printed out: Thanks to everyone who shared or commented on my last article. This is to implement copy on write. Here’s what I learned, and how you can try this yourself. 2. Bring up the interfaces, create a drive, and run qemu: sudo ifup br0 qemu-img create -f qcow2 hda.qcow2 5G sudo qemu -boot n -net tap -net nic hda.qcow2. iosxrv-demo-5.1.1.vmdk) Make a copy of the VMDK file for each IOS XRv VM, either cp iosxrv-demo-5.1.1.vmdk xrv-1.vmdk; cp iosxrv-demo-5.1.1.vmdk xrv-2.vmdk To confirm that it’s indeed writing to read-only memory, I implemented a command to dump out the kernel memory mappings, and enabled QEMU’s verbose MMU logging to detect changes to the memory map. This post is the first post in a 2-post series, in which I will present instructions for executing iOS on QEMU and launching an interactive bash shell. Thanks to @matteyeux, @h3adsh0tzz, @_th0ex, and @enzolovesbacon for testing the build instructions. To do that, I will need to add a command in QEMU to dump the CPU’s pagetables. … but then hangs again. It does this by loading the kernel into a buffer, then registering the buffer as a ROM in the emulation, so that the buffer is copied to the correct address when the virtual device boots. Disable Same Origin Policy in iOS WKWebView with private API, Examining CVE-2020-27932 on macOS 10.15.7, Booting a macOS Apple Silicon kernel in QEMU, Build macOS ARM apps in Xcode without a real macOS ARM SDK, I tricked m3.euagendas.org, the Twitter analysis website, with adversarial inputs, Use GPU passthrough with Intel integrated graphics to accelerate QEMU on Fedora, Crash Chrome 70 with the SQLite Magellan bug, Learn how iOS devices sync over USB by enabling usbmuxd's debug logs, How a kids' novel inspired me to simulate a gene drive on 86 million genealogy profiles, Comparing Qualcomm's XBL UEFI bootloaders on Snapdragon 820, 835, and 845, It's impossible to port Animoji to iPad Air, Compile Metal shader Bitcode to x86 and ARM assembly, Create Memoji on iPad with Swift Playgrounds, Changing macOS's uptime with a kernel extension, Tutorial - emulate an iOS kernel in QEMU up to launchd and userspace, Fixing macOS native tabs for Visual Studio Code, Extracting libraries from dyld_shared_cache, Port an iOS app to macOS 10.14 in 5 minutes, iOS Simulator's secret trick to enable case sensitivity, Fixing two small bugs in Visual Studio Code, These 299 macOS apps are so buggy, Apple had to fix them in AppKit, Accessing screenshots from Android's Recent Apps screen, Booting XNU all the way to running userspace programs, Load the ramdisk at the end of the kernel, just before the device tree blob, put its address and size in the device tree so, modifying QEMU to add new CPU configuration registers, differences between GDB and LLDB’s command syntax. Download IOS XRv VMDK file from Cisco.com. In the terminal running QEMU, you should see boot messages. In the above command line, the Qemu will fetch the booting files from the CD-ROM disk drive. This experiment only finished the easy part of booting iOS, as it doesn’t emulate an iPhone at all, relying on only the parts common to all ARM devices. The blog post you reference is from 2010. in the emulator, I can single step, examine registers, set breakpoints, and get output even when serial port isn’t working. The code in open-source XNU can only return KERN_FAILURE or KERN_SUCCESS, but with a breakpoint, I saw it was returning KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE. The offending instruction turned out to be a stadd instruction, introduced in ARMv8.1. QEMU-based iOS Emulator. three. It turns out loading a kernel is very simple: for each segment, convert the virtual address to a physical address by masking out the top bits, then copy the data into memory at the physical address. On an Intel-based machine (such as those we used for developing our iOS on QEMU project), virtualizing an architecture other than x86/x64 would be impossible. To emulate a legacy PC formulation, use qemu-system-i386. If you want to run iOS, you should ask @CorelliumHQ instead, or just buy an iPhone. However, my goal was to get the iOS kernel to print errors out the serial port. Assuming you already have a working QEMU/KVM environment, spinning up a VM with Cisco IOS XRv on QEMU/KVM is simple and straightforward. Build and boot a minimal Linux system with qemu 23 Sep 2016 by David Corvoysier. You can use -c if you want to boot the hard drive image first. I found the panic string, and looked for where the error message is generated. When we left off, the kernel crashed with a data abort when it tries to bzero a write only region of memory. Two versions of GDB can be used: the version from devkitA64, or the Linaro GDB (recommended). It’s trying to mount the root filesystem! Boot Directly from CD ROM. No wonder that most developer boards include JTAG support to support the same level of debugging as emulators. The device tree is also contained in the IPSW update file. That’s probably going to take much longer than three days, but I’ll definitely learn even more about iOS, ARM, and QEMU. When you want to build a Linux system for an embedded target these days, it is very unlikely that you decide to do it from scratch. If you want to run iOS, you should ask @CorelliumHQ instead, or just buy an iPhone. This must be the similar digital disk you outlined with the qemu-img command. Let’s get the obvious out of the way first: this is completely useless. iosxrv-demo-5.1.1.vmdk) Make a copy of the VMDK file for each IOS XRv VM, either cp iosxrv-demo-5.1.1.vmdk xrv-1.vmdk; cp iosxrv-demo-5.1.1.vmdk xrv-2.vmdk The goal of this project is to boot a fully functional iOS system on QEMU. If you want to extract your own files directly from an iOS update, here’s how: To decompress the kernel, download newosxbook’s Joker tool. By placing a breakpoint on panic in GDB, I saw that the kernel expected iBoot to populate some fields in the device tree. Sign up with your email to be the first to read new posts. That’s good: it seems that the kernel is already trying to load kexts, which means it’s gotten quite far in the boot process, and should be able to output information through the serial port. If it’s looking for a root filesystm, let’s give it one. That function reads from the device tree, which I didn’t provide yet. beforehand or during the boot process, have new modules that extend QEMU’s capabilities to execute arm64 XNU systems and, get an interactive bash shell. (It’s more fun this way.). It’s the same serial port design Samsung used in all their CPUs starting in 2004 all the way to the latest Exynos CPUs. Place your qemu directory into the same directory as the scripts, kernel, devicetree, and ramdisk. While there are other open source bootloaders that can start XNU, like Chameleon, GRUB, and winocm’s GenericBooter, I didn’t look at them, since I wanted to get information first hand instead of relying on other people’s research. I originally put it just after the kernel, but it got overwritten by the boot code. The i440fx is the motherboard chipset that was popular in the Pentium Proera. Why isn’t it setting the page to writable? That driver reads and validates values from the device, so just placing a blank block of memory causes the driver to panic. You may generally make a … to install the required libraries to compile QEMU. First, I needed a copy of the iOS kernel. Once QEMU is compiled, you need to obtain the required iOS kernelcache, device tree, and ramdisk. I have no idea, I'm afraid. Apple, however, hooks up the timer directly to the FIQ. I decided to try it myself. What is QEMU? Use -hda imagefile to inform QEMU to make use of imagefile because the arduous power symbol. Enter your xnuqemu directory (from the downloaded package or from the clone of the XNUQEMUScripts repo). All I had to do was: The kernel mounts the root filesystem! After every kext load, this code resets the kext summaries region to writable with vm_map_protect, writes information for the new kext, then sets the region back to read-only. The PCI and MemoryController (PMC) can be accessed as device … Who needs interrupts or the screen or power management or storage, anyways? You can download this archive if you sign up for my mailing list. Linux kernels from disk. This gets me… a nice panic in the Image4 parser. Note: On step 4 you can pass additional arguments to QEMU using the following option: --qemu … The emulation uses a patched copy of QEMU, which must be compiled from source. I chose to modify QEMU for this experiment, since it’s the standard open source virtual machine, and has great support for ARM64 processors. We have used the -cdrom option as you can see at the end of the command. By examining the early boot code, it turns out that the kernel allocates initial page tables directly after the end of the kernel, overwriting my boot arguments. The program was created by the developer as a freeware product, but donations for the continued development are highly appreciated. The main interface to the i440fx is the PCI bus. This strategy didn’t work for the next crash, though, from the AppleInterruptController driver. I got launchd and recoveryd to start on an emulated iPhone running iOS 12 beta 4’s kernel using a modified QEMU. qemu-img create -f qcow2 mac_hdd.img 64G Using the following command line, install OS X from the boot media created earlier (Thanks Jim Burns for the Penryn hint, which is needed instead of core2duo as of Sierra): bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -machine q35,accel=kvm -bios ~/OVMF.fd -m 4096 \ -cpu Penryn -smp 4,cores=2 \ iOS uses a device tree, a data structure containing a list of devices and their addresses so that the kernel knows how to access the devices in an SoC. Oddly, the device tree doesn’t reserve extra space for these properties. I also passed in -s -S to enable GDB support and to pause at startup so I can attach to it. Therefore, it’s now actually easier to obtain and understand the kernel itself. I had been ignoring all writes to KTRR registers, so this code can’t read the value from the register (which the kernel stored at startup), and believes that all addresses are invalid. With virt’s timer hooked up to the wrong signal, the kernel would wait forever for an interrupt that would never come. Sheepshaver is WAY faster, but also far more prone to crashing. Why? So we ran a tiny bit of iOS already! On ARM, there are two ways for hardware to signal the CPU: IRQ, shared by many devices, or FIQ, dedicated to just one device. Last week, I started modifying QEMU to load an iOS kernel and device tree: the previous writeup is here. To compile QEMU, you first need to install some libraries. (The concept was later adopted by Linux on ARM platforms.). Now I've got a pretty decent collection of working recipes to tune up a QEMU guest, so I decided to organize all that stuff here, and it could be definitely useful for anyone else. A bit of a shame especially as I do frequently boot old macOS VMs versions to check for bugs. Of course the KTRR driver crashes when it tries to access the memory controller: there isn’t one! Because I’m bypassing iBoot, I had to write a script to populate the timer frequency and early random seed in the device tree. My hunch for why the kernel hangs: one of the kexts tries to sleep for some time during initialization, but never wakes up because there are no timer interrupts, as shown by QEMU not logging any exceptions when it hangs. 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To learn how to load a Mach-O file into memory, I consulted Apple’s Boot-132. In addition, to obtain iBoot, one needs a jailbroken device, but the kernel itself is unencrypted and can be obtained from an update IPSW file. After this change, a few more kexts started up, but the kernel then hangs… like it’s waiting for something. QEMU’s virt machine hooks up the processor’s timer to IRQ, like most real ARM platforms. Ignoring the later panic, I found that the first panic happens when the kernel’s Kext loading code tries to bzero a newly allocated buffer. From research, I already know how an iPhone starts up: I decided to boot the XNU kernel directly in an emulator, bypassing iBoot. QEMU already supports loading Linux kernels directly. I got a bit confused on where to put the boot arguments in memory. Qemu is the new integrated virtualization technology of Linux. I used an LLDB breakpoint to jump over the call and simulate a true return instead. The project is under active development, follow @alephsecurity and … At the prompt enter the username and passowrd as root. replace joker.universal with joker.ELF64 if you are using Linux. Apple's iOS Simulator ships x86_64 binaries for all the iOS frameworks, so you need to build your application specifically for the Simulator in order for it to run; obviously a … After fixing this, the kernel now crashes with a Data Abort exception (as printed by QEMU’s console) when it tries to read the boot arguments. You might find some information if you search through the Qemu and/or u-boot mailing lists. This is Part 1 of a series on the iOS boot process. To boot XNU, I don’t really need all those drivers, do I? I tracked down the crashing code to OSKext::updateLoadedKextSummaries. However, iBoot is closed source, but XNU is now open source. By placing a breakpoint on panic, it became clear that panic itself was crashing. While the peripherals are completely different and incompatible, for early boot, only two devices need to work properly: the timer and the serial port. Use -boot [options] to specify the order that QEMU should look for bootable devices. I tried to boot an iOS 12 kernelcache in QEMU: I managed to get as far as IOKit startup before receiving a kernel panic. QEMU’s virt machine doesn’t have anything mapped at that address. To fix this, I just skipped the problematic call. I learned a lot about how iOS boots up with this project. With a bit more work, I’m confident I can get it to boot further. In the data abort exception, the page should be set to writable in arm_fast_fault. QEMU can be built on Windows, but their instructions doesn’t seem to work for this modified QEMU. FILO is a simple bootloader which can load (e.g.) I’ve been interested in how iOS starts, so I’ve been trying to boot the iOS kernel in QEMU. Thus, instead of setting the page to writable, the kernel panics instead. qemu-system-x86_64 -boot d -cdrom Desktop/puppy.iso -m 512 -hda Puppy.vdi. Type c into lldb or gdb to start execution. By putting breakpoints all over bsd_init, I found that the kernel was hanging in IOBSDSecureRoot, when it tries to call the platform function. in a different terminal, ./lldbit.sh to start lldb, or if you’re using Linux, ./gdbit.sh to start gdb. I had to delete two existing properties to make space for them. 8192 (8GiB) might be a good choice, or 16384 (16GiB) if you can spare it and are planning to do Mac/iOS development for example. If you don’t want to extract these files yourself, I packaged all the files you need from iOS 12 beta 4. All I had to do was to load the Mach-O file’s segments into a buffer, and register it, just like the Linux boot code. Sign up with your email to be the first to read new posts. Assuming that you downloaded the evaluation licence file to host with OS Linux, you can upload and install license to your base IOS XE image with following commands: Both Cortexes use ARM v7 instruction set which is supported by Qemu. After all, Corellium proves that it’s possible. I’m already familiar with Mach-O files, so it’s easy to port the logic over. Something more drastic is needed if I don’t want to spend 9 years reverse engineering each driver. Another file showed me how to fix this: I had to extend the topOfKernelData address in the boot_args to include any extra data such as boot arguments so that they do not get overwritten. Introduction. To diagnose why the kernel crashes with a Data Abort exception, I need to understand how the memory is mapped by iOS. iOS on QEMU. I tried to boot an iOS 12 kernelcache in QEMU: I managed to get as far as IOKit startup before receiving a kernel panic. Update: Apple A4 = Cortex-A8 + PowerVR SGX535 Apple A5 = Cortex-A9 MPCore + PowerVR SGX543MP2 . I can’t find an LLDB compatible with ARM64: neither the LLDB from the Ubuntu repository nor the version from LLVM’s own repos support ARM64. The boot ISO So I modified QEMU’s cpu selection code to enable those features for full system emulation mode as well. This is Part 2 of a series on the iOS boot process. Obviously, QEMU doesn’t have support for the iPhone X, so I’ve been booting the kernel using QEMU’s virt machine type. To borrow a simile from the creator of Corellium, if Corellium is a DeLorean time machine, then this is half a wheel at most. Besides the ISO files, the user can also boot the OS directly from CD ROM: qemu-system-x86_64 -boot d -cdrom /dev/cdrom -m 512. Qemu - virtual machines with kvm . 3. cd xilinx-qemu-first-run 4. petalinux-boot --qemu --prebuilt 3 On completing step 4 you should see the QEMU boot sequence loading the prebuilt linux image. Think of your QEMU client as another computer in your network. But I just don’t see anyone really caring to be honest. Finally, I decided to only look at Apple’s own open source code if possible. Now you should be able to boot up the VM for the first time! Qemu and u-boot development moves really fast. At … QEMU has support for emulating an Exynos4210, so I simply added an Exynos serial port to the Virt machine, and I got output from the serial port.
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