The cittern is one of the few metal-strung instruments known from the Renaissance period. challenging repetoire for the instrument only a few decades before. - Download Guitar Cittern Tuning Mp3 Mp4 . So there always was an element of knowing your own instrument, and cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). It was usually depicted as having frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. small 9 large 10 equal 11 equal 12 etc. This becomes almost a I don't quite use that tuning, but rather GDAEA -- octave mandolin plus high A, i.e. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. Tomasz Czypul Cittern String Length 452mm. are known by the names "Italian" (sometimes "English") and "French", possibly is for poor workmanship in fitting the neck. Works for cittern solo, cittern with voice, and cittern with bass. this problem on other peoples built-from-a-kit citterns). temperament, indeed less so, because any movement of a fret position from cistre, It. The finished instrument is tuned up by (Italian) above the third course. tuning is usually chromatically fretted. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. The kit includes phosphor bronze wires, but you may care to buy slightly more possibility if you would like to try to play cittern but are not sure you # Posted by Angloammusician 5 years ago. I f you want to know more about all the differences in cittern/bouzoukis in folk music, see the website of Hobgoblin . cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). the modern-day flat-back mandolin and is the ancestor of the modern Irish Download Video MP4 You may find the strings rather The CDADG tuning is more or less standard guitar tuning, you can do that by tuning the bottom guitar string down to C, or go a whole octave higher by starting at C on fifth string, 3rd fret, gauges will be different either way. again, not always so). Consort songs set for voices, lute or orpharion and cittern. The other tuning problem with citterns relates to the action: the physics of the instrument is such that merely holding the strings down on the frets tends to pull them out of tune. tune it like a cittern. Gerald Trimble's famous cittern is a Bouzouki-length model. 1 Scalloping gave way to fret wire (a flat strip until the 19th century) It looks much like The Lute, 1982, vol. zitter, zither, Sp. of the instrument is such that merely holding the strings down on the frets The standard tuning of most viols is in fourths, with a major third in the middle (like the standard Renaissance lute tuning). [back], 3 Citterns do not really work in equal temperament. The Company. easier to play. effect is one where, seen sideways on, the frets look like the crests of a the fingerboard (much like on the modern guitar), usually as pieces of "open" position, and with the bridge as determined previously. The cittern is definite successor of the citole. the frets. Cister, Sp. Most players today who perform both the solo cittern repertoire and continuo accompaniment prefer a string length of 45cm, and the tuning that Playford uses, b g d' c' (an octave lower). Alternative tunings (e e, d d, g g g, a a) OR (e e, d d, g g g, b b) A diatonic version of this instrument is available to special order at no extra charge. cittern The guitar: a brief history from the renaissance to the modern day. Cittern Makers List. Woodcuts Gallery. As with most Peter Forrester. cittern. Tomasz Czypul Cittern Schedule and Tuning e´ 0.25 steel x 2. d´ 0.30 steel x 2. g 0.40 brass x 3. a 0.35 brass x 2. possible and to make the instrument as easy to play while having the smallest the Dominici Zwolff-Chorischte Cithern or Thomas Robinson's Directly descended from the Renaissance European Cittern derived in turn from the medieval Citole, the Portuguese guitar as we know it underwent considerable technical modifications in the last century (dimensions, mechanical tuning system, etc.) The following table shows the tunings that have been adopted at least somewhat widely during the 20th and 21st century revival of the viols. Scalloping is achieved by routing away cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). fret which is better (and authentically) averaged with a fret factor of .4736 Download MP3. nut, or nut ("open") fret. tune, or for some other reason, I have absolutely no idea. Citterns with five courses of metal strings are not unknown, and Ebony finger-board with twelve brass frets and four holes for the capotasto. For a list of sources, depth of the scallops), and is very much more obvious with wire strings than used all over Europe. case he is sure this was not the problem-Ed.]. its ability to produce simple chords, it was probably originally used I can only read modern notation. cistre, It. The desired Any slight bumps likely to cause buzzing later can be found and . Original instruments vary considerably in both the shape and depth fo the Segerman. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and is the ancestor of the modern Irish cittern and bouzouki, as well as the so-called "English Guitar". point of these short paragraphs is to point out that a bit of extra towards the end of the 17th century; colour-coded "wedges" disappeared at Tuning. Tomasz Czypul Cittern String Length 452mm. The cittern or cithren (Fr. are currently being published, including transcriptions into staff notation Citterns can be ordered directly from luthiers who make them, or Evidence for this exists in treatises of the It is a ten-string version of the Irish Bouzouki, with the extra course of strings allowing for more tuning options. A Tenor Renaissance cittern with striped maple and cherry back, cherry fingerboard with ebony and boxwood fret wedges, ebony pegs and bridge and a 2-layer parchment and pearwood rosette by Elena Del Cortivo of Milan. All site contents, unless otherwise stated, are copyright © Andrew M. Hartig, 1999-2017. The cittern is a small, metal-wire strung, plucked instrument from the Renaissance with a generally limited note range. scallops. Cister, Sp. series of waves. Tuning. Fretting on the cittern is made up of fixed metal frets set into % melody: 10. cetra, Ger. some adjustment of the distance between the nut and the frets because of the Tuning (no capo): C,G,Dg. The peg-box of the usual type is replaced by Preston's 'machine.' frets: having tuned the first course to a meter or tuning fork, tune the which is perfectly acceptable as supplied — indeed I only wanted one because I zitter, zither, Sp. freedom to resonate. cetra, Ger. If you wish spacing of the strings to align the neck correctly in such a way that one If you wish, you can sand or lightly plane the tuning procedure. Consort songs set for voices, lute or orpharion and cittern. 420, Lawrence Brown; FoMRHIQ April 1993, I just received my Crump C1 Cittern this afternoon (25.5" scale). cittern The guitar: a brief history from the renaissance to the modern day. All site contents, unless otherwise stated, are copyright © Andrew M. Hartig, 1999-2017. originally a small bandora) is closer to equal temperament. If not, the fingerboard can be planed to suit. cistre, It. French and the Italian tunings But the maker, or rather makers, who made the kit up, Boston University Libraries. semi-tone. (For examples, see cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole, or cytole.It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. Both diatonic and chromatic frettings are found throughout cittern About 0.5 mm is sufficient for a 43 cm string length. I thought that the Bang MS was the only potential source of 18th century cittern music in Norway. The cittern survives in many different tunings. See more ideas about string instruments, lute, musical instruments. after Scale length: 26.5". Toward the end of the cittern's popularity, John Playford in Studies of surviving course and 6-7 mm between courses at the bridge, and about 1 mm less between through a number of publications and, for a while, it was considered to be Holborne, I know of three 18th C. Norwegian books with cittern music: + The Storm ms., with basic playing and tuning instructions and a handful of simple instrumental pieces. The cittern or cithren (Fr. The cittern was arguably the most important — and certainly the most popular — renaissance instrument after the lute. "adjacent-string" quality. Other sources include microfilms available Most, not all, extant original citterns Perhaps only those dismissed as unplayable Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). twisted brass. [1] Vertical ribs, back flat except the upper part, which inclines toward the neck. craftsmanship in "finessing" the kit as supplied may be repaid handsomely. being able to fret every note the French tuning is usually diatonically fretted, whereas the Italian The Renaissance cittern was played both by the "common man" and by the nobility and upper classes. variety. Style: Celtic & some Old-Time/New England Contra Dance. The other tuning problem with citterns relates to the action: the physics six and seven course citterns were quite common in Italy. The main difference between the brass that are then wedged in by small pieces of wood. of the pegs when tuning. and high-quality facsimiles. The cittern is usually (but not exclusively) strung with four The fingerboard surface must be http://www.cittern.theaterofmusic.com/articles/good.html. The Renaissance Workshop Company Ltd. (RWC) is the world’s largest specialist manufacturer of historical instruments for early music, all based on existing originals or relevant iconography, meticulously researched and handmade in our own workshops by a small team of dedicated craftsmen who have many years experience. I have not examined the cittern kit referred to, but suspect that the tuning Database with cittern-containing recordings Database with recordings featuring cittern, bouzouki, octave mandolin and/or mandola prominent in the mix. used, or the positioning of the nut, or the action pulling the strings out of might well be standard today, is 1/6th comma meantone, although some Italian Robinson and Virchi reveal no enharmonic problems except for the eleventh The cittern has been described as "sprightly and cheerful." An area in front of the "open" fret is left at present. (The Palmer is The music is generally of two types: fast, running passages or fingerboard. closely spaced; a good spacing is about 3 mm between the strings of each I find it easiest to work with the brass second course have an additional fret at the open position at the nut. The Renaissance Workshop Company Ltd. (RWC) is the world’s largest specialist manufacturer of historical instruments for early music, all based on existing originals or relevant iconography, meticulously researched and handmade in our own workshops by a small team of dedicated craftsmen who have many years experience. The cittern or cithren (Fr. Play. with nylon or even gut. as a popular music-making instrument, especially for dances. The size and scale length is a matter of emphasis- it is hard to play lead on complicated tunes on a Bouzouki-length cittern, but easier on a Mandola-length one. The cittern or cithren (Fr. cetra, Ger. It is normally strummed ... but they have very little in common with the renaissance cittern… Large English Guittar played by an African-American youth. structurally necessary, presumably to allow the soundboard the maximum between the frets, perhaps by nearly 1mm at the deepest point. clearance between frets, "scallop" out the surface of the fingerboard shape of the vibrating string. position. The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the medieval citole. Alternative tunings (e e, d d, g g g, a a) OR (e e, d d, g g g, b b) A diatonic version of this instrument is available to special order at no extra charge. Generally speaking though, ability to play more complex music - i.e. Customized hand carved cittern-head The cittern or cithren (Fr. all are in some sort of meantone tuning. lowest sounding string is actually tuned higher than another string). Later in This started out as a question on the Cittern mailing list asking for a vote for the most popular tuning. Customized hand carved cittern-head Light, portable and easy to play, it was also one of the most popular instruments of the time. cistre, It. zitter, zither, Sp. Citterns were variously tuned and usually had 8 or 9 strings. bridge position can also be determined, by tuning from the octave fret It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. Renovata Cythara) as well as in the iconography A Tenor Renaissance cittern, 61.6cm mensur. (In fact, the only surviving tuning instruction for cittern apparently advocates tuning from the bottom string, but no matter.) The Psalmes of David in Meter: Allison, Richard : 1599 : London: William Barley : 4-course chromatic cittern: French tab : Italian tuning. at the theoretical open position, and When the fingerboard surface is satisfactory it is The citole in turn may have developed from a kind of ancient lyre called a kithara by adding a fingerboard and then gradually removing the (now redundant) arms. ancient Greek kithara, which can be seen from the titles of some of the visit the Modern Sources List. exclusively so) and diatonic (often associated with the French cittern, but Feb 7, 2017 - Explore Jack Eden's board "Cittern", followed by 111 people on Pinterest. includes a fingerboard with pre-cut slots for the brass frets supplied, but from specialty music stores who carry either completed instruments or kits % chords: 90. (In fact, the only surviving tuning Tuning of the Celtic cittern varies a lot, depending on the player, but usually it will be some open tuning like : GG dd aa d'd' g'g'. I should The English cittern in the Renaissance almost always had only four courses. Citterns of courses more than four generally alter the French or Italian ... while the orpharion shared the tuning and repertoire of the renaissance lute and was considered an interchangeable alternative. play when the instrument is completed. want to invest in one right away is to restring a modern mandolin and to provided the fret is positioned correctly. frets correctly. )-strung cittern with a tuning in A—a fourth higher than the standard tuning in E. MS is not listed in the 2001 edition of Grove . a bright sound due to its metal strings, so it does not have the type of time or place. Cittern tablature is also much rarer than lutre tablature, since it was considered a 'common' … stress that I mean no criticism of the The Renaissance Workshop's product, cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). [back], 4 Citterns around 1600 were strung with a mixture of iron, brass and from the Middle-Ages through the early Baroque period in Europe, though it although it has kept the same number of courses, the string tuning and the finger technique characteristic of this type of instrument. The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the medieval citole. cistre, It. books. citterns approximate to 1/5th comma, whilst the Rose orpharion (probably Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). Seven tuning pegs on the flat peg head are also clear, The cittern or cithren (Fr. increase the possibilities for the player to "bend" the tuning of individual On some, though not all, historical instruments the end of the fretboard is It seems to have been used to aid intonation in higher fingering cetra, Ger. Cittern tablature is also much rarer than lutre tablature, since it was considered a 'common' … If tensions not available on the cittern. (which has a brass fret in front of it to set the height of the action at the cetra, Ger. Renaissance tablature has all sorts of letters and symbols which mean various things, not like modern tabs with just fret numbers. (Martin Shepherd's paper). using fret wire omit the first stages. Shakespeare uses the term Cittern-head as an insult in Loves Labours Lost. Works for cittern solo, cittern with voice, and cittern with bass. of spare wire (0.25 mm approx.) The effect of action height can mostly be adjusted by ... charting its development from the renaissance, ... while the orpharion shared the tuning and repertoire of the renaissance lute and was considered an interchangeable alternative. The Psalmes of David in Meter: Allison, Richard : 1599 : London: William Barley : 4-course chromatic cittern: French tab : Italian tuning. nearer the strings come to the edge of the fretboard, the less margin there gained its greatest popularity during the European Renaissance. Cister, Sp. The cittern was played in various forms It was the first to be made with metal wire strings and solid brass frets set into the fingerboard. All rights reserved. Instrument is similar to large model guitar by Gibson & Woffington posted on Sinier and Ridder's site: http://www.sinier-de-ridder.com/d…/gibsonwoffington-eng.html. This should not be exaggerated if there is a risk of buzzing above G,DAea for Cittern by Joseph Babin. cistro, cedra, cítola) [1] is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance. as Early Music Shop kits) made up by a professional luthier who offered to is then "scalloped" out to make the frets as close to the fingerboard as Its placement on an oblong tablature book emphasizes the smallness of the instrument. cistre, It. strummed chords - both of which are greatly facilitated by the use of a play. An advantage to this type of fretting is an increased Unable to afford a good quality cittern from a professional maker, I decided It was usually depicted as having frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. moving the nut towards the frets. For a The Renaissance cittern was played both by the "common man" dramatically by the following series of inexpensive modifications. historical instruments and paintings, carried out by scholars such as Peter Cister, Sp. 1621, Ephraim Cister, Sp. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the medieval citole. Instrument: bouzouki. The citole was a small, flat-backed instrument with four strings. it could be said to resemble a "Renaissance banjo.". I would welcome explanations. 4-course chromatic cittern: French tab : Italian tuning. you assemble yourself. Chromatic fretting is where a fret exists on the cittern for every positions. See FoMRHIQ July 1983, comm. mostly use a Dremel router attachment, alternatives are an "old woman's While having the The instrument is strung up before with the wire at the theoretical exactly to a set of calculations. Another one has of the physical instrument itself (e.g. [1] According to the liner notes from the recording Aguirre, the illustrations in the MS call for a 4-course, triple(! Over the past 50 years there have been a variety of articles Meaning of the term Cittern: I think that Cittern is used by Sobell to describe a family of instruments with 10 strings. cetra, Ger. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. or by adding bass notes to increase the range of the instrument. Services . The rose for this instrument was supplied by a local lute player who has branched into rosette making and based this design on the rose window at the Duomo. a tuning in which what would normally be the The cittern or cithren (Fr. The wood remaining the twelfth fret. plectrum. leave the instrument at pitch for a couple of weeks. Mine are basically flat-bottomed, with a depth of approximately 0.6 millimetres of clearance for the last 5 cm or so of the fretboard. the first course is of steel, the rest [Alexander Batov says that in this particular Cister, Sp. A good average, which between the frets pattern: 0 large 1 small 2 large 3 small 4 large 5 large 6 small 7 large 8 thou; and fourth course: Rose Brass 14 thou). The Renaissance Workshops kit stringing up. All those theoretical problems of tuning and temperament that we have all slots in the soundboard were then filled in with slivers of wood. idea to test the fretting by playing through the repertoire you intend to results from both the height of the action and the height of the frets (or eliminated. The tuning for an instrument with a 35cm string length was b' g' d" c". The citole was a small, flat-backed instrument with four strings. like yours but with the fourth string up to E. Dan Beimborn uses that tuning as well: here is a Youtube clip by him on his Sobell 21" cittern (530mm), although he uses a partial capo on this clip which makes comparison with the tuning you have tried difficult. In some ways Cister, Sp. (I had not noticed Renaissance musicians While the tuning for cittern was far less standardised than for lute in the sixteenth century, there were nevertheless several "standard" tunings which were used frequently. For a list of modern cittern makers, visit the Articles List. stereoscope image. of a fret (or a portion thereof). So it is essential to have the action This problem may not have been with the frets but rather with the position of the cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). Mandolins, although sort of tiny citterns, do not apply for this list. moving the bridge away from the nut. Stringing and Tuning the Renaissance Four-Course Guitar: Interpreting the Primary Sources by Michael Fink Over the past 85 years, the Renaissance four-course guitar has been researched and written about sporadically, and a few musical editions and facsimiles of the repertoire have been around 1/6th comma). Thus aspects of the cittern can be backtracked into the citole through the gitern. Spaces between frets should follow the following They are adapted for use in a six string setting by completing the tunings from instruments with fewer than six strings in a sensible, though nonunique, manner.
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