I had to bite my tongue and wait until I was officially reprimanded, which happened in December 2017. “During the interview, he expressed patriotism and looked just like a top-notch candidate. His Twitter account was discovered to also have posts that were heavily anti-American, and included insults about Vice President Mike Pence, and … Already on our list? “Spenser Rapone is a former Army Ranger and Infantry Officer recently separated from the military for speaking out against its imperialist violence. “I knew there could be repercussions,” said Rapone, who is scheduled to speak at a socialism conference in Chicago next month. In another, he raises his fist and flips his cap to reveal the message: "Communism will win." I’d have to tell them the mission we were doing was right when I had firsthand experience as a teenager in Afghanistan that what we were doing was not right. “It didn’t take me long to realize that my experiences did not reflect that in the slightest.”. EYES LEFT gives updates and progressive commentary on … Alex Jones challenged me to a boxing match. Journalist Chris Hedges interviews former combat veteran and US Army officer, Spenser Rapone about bravery and morality. Many questioned whether it was genuine and assumed he was mocking the athlete. Rapone said an investigation found he went online to advocate for a socialist revolution and disparage high-ranking officers… “I consider myself a revolutionary socialist,” the 26-year-old Rapone told The Associated Press. But he wasn’t accepted to West Point, so Rapone enlisted in the Army. I was deployed for most of the summer of 2011. Our new issue, “Biden Our Time,” is out now. So I decided to enlist as an infantryman out of high school. It’s a big question, but how do you see soldiers organizing now? “He was an honors student, an athlete, a model citizen who volunteered in the community,” recalled Altmire, a Democrat. They made me stay in there for what they told me was for my own safety. When they’re faced with those situations, they might find the courage to resist, or find a way out. Spenser Rapone was accepted to West Point in 2012, graduated in 2016 — and received an “other than honorable discharge” in June. From there I began to realize the issue was a structural phenomenon — that one good person can’t effect change when the system is inherently wrong. Part of it is how we term “antiwar,” and what that means. Or … Continue reading "Spenser Rapone interview – Ep 21" His expulsion came after a viral tweet showing him — clad in uniform, fist raised — displaying a hat reading, “COMMUNISM WILL WIN.” “I was always told growing up that the US military […]. No one likes being in the military, in the moment. Plus, Colin Kaepernick risked his career to support a cause. WATERTOWN, N.Y. (AP) - The images Spenser Rapone posted on Twitter from his West Point graduation were intentionally shocking: In one, the … “We have one of the most technologically advanced militaries of all time and all we were doing is brutalizing and invading and terrorizing a population that had nothing to do with what the United States claimed was a threat.”. Now they've teamed with Trump to launch another oil war in Venezuela. I tried to submit a conditional resignation, saying I wanted to leave, and asked for a general discharge. The second lieutenant was given an “other than honorable” discharge June 18 after an Army investigation determined that he “went online to promote a socialist revolution and… “Commie Cadet” Spenser Rapone On Why He Left the U.S. Military and Became a Socialist In an interview, Rapone explains how he went from a proud teenage Army private to … I didn’t want to grovel before the empire, and knew it’d be a show trial at best, so I submitted my resignation. He was issued an other-than-honorable discharge nearly one year ago. What would you tell these kids who are looking for an education, looking for a way out of poverty, about the military? But we need to find a way to bring them in, create spaces for them to name their experiences, and then use their knowledge and abilities at organizing and working on a team to support emancipatory movements and socialist politics. While Trump himself may be more of a parody-fascist than a fascist, it was as if that election was releasing the forces of a new kind of fascism. For those who haven’t seen it, Spenser is at his West Point graduation. And I was a young male in American society, so I watched a lot of Hollywood movies, a lot of TV shows. "F*ck Tucker Carlson," wrote wounded combat veteran and Illinois Senator Tammy Duckworth, after the Fox News host said efforts to improve rules and regulations for female troops were "a mockery of the U.S. EYES LEFT is a military podcast hosted by two anti-war Army veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner, covering issues from a left-wing and socialist perspective. INTERVIEW BY Rory Fanning. (Courtesy of Spenser Rapone … We had hundreds of incidents where soldiers were fragging and killing their officers. “Of course my military career is dead in the water. In another, he raises his fist and flips his cap to reveal the message: "Communism will win." Ten thousand students are enrolled in the program; 55 percent are black, 40 percent are Latinx. So I took those pictures both as my own individual act of rebellion, but also so that if there was ever an opening, I could use them for some larger, political purpose. I decided that was an opening to express how I feel. As to how to reach soldiers, you need to meet them where they are. Fist raised, Spenser Rapone displays a slogan written inside his cap after graduating from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y., in May 2016. Sign up for the Army Times Daily News Roundup to receive the top Army stories every afternoon. I was told I was in this elite unit with elite soldiers. Elliott Abrams oversaw genocide in Guatemala. “Spenser Rapone is a former Army Ranger and Infantry Officer recently separated from the military for speaking out against its imperialist violence. His expulsion came after a viral tweet showing him — clad in uniform, fist raised … Listen to Eyes Left Podcast on Spotify. Getting out of the military is daunting, especially as an officer. Spenser Rapone was like a character who stepped out of a Bruce Springsteen song. Yes, there were attempts to create military labor unions. I figured this was the least I could do if I was serious about my own beliefs. Got news to share about our military or veterans?! But he wasn't accepted to West Point, so Rapone … While waiting for the verdict, I was told I couldn’t say anything publicly. EYES LEFT gives updates and progressive commentary on military news, war developments, failings of military leadership, veterans’ issues, radical military history, and how US troops can resist Trump. FOLLOW US on Twitter & IG at @EyesLeftPod SUPPORT US on www.patreon.com/EyesLeft EYES LEFT gives updates and progressive commentary on military news, war developments, failings of military leadership, veterans’ issues, radical military history, and how US troops can resist Trump. His expulsion came after a viral tweet showing him — clad in uniform, fist raised — displaying a hat reading, “COMMUNISM WILL WIN.”, “I was always told growing up that the US military protects the innocent, that we fight for freedom, truth, and justice,” Rapone tells Rory Fanning in the following interview. Spenser Rapone was accepted to West Point in 2012, graduated in 2016 — and received an “other than honorable discharge” in June. You served under both Obama and Trump. "During the interview, he expressed patriotism and looked just like a top-notch candidate. Whatever happened to that communist lieutenant? “I would encourage all soldiers who have a conscience to lay down their arms and join me and so many others who are willing to stop serving the agents of imperialism and join us in a revolutionary movement.”, One final salute #FTA pic.twitter.com/JdyOYnEejJ, Rapone said his journey to communism grew out of his experiences as an Army Ranger in Afghanistan before he was accepted into the U.S. Military Academy. Share at current time. EYES LEFT is a military podcast hosted by two anti-war Army veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner, covering issues from a left-wing and socialist perspective. Published on Sep 29, 2018 Journalist Chris Hedges interviews former combat veteran and US Army officer, Spenser Rapone about bravery and morality. Spenser Rapone, 26, became notable a bit faster than most graduates. www.jacobinmag.com/2018/10/spenser-rapone-interview-communist-army Help Us Stick Around for Many More. I’m one of six children from, at the time, a single-income family. The U.S. Army, on Monday, discharged 26-year-old Spenser Rapone less than a year after the young cadet posed with his dress uniform unbuttoned revealing a T-shirt with the image of Che Guevara printed on it. So, I’m sure some of you had questions about Second Lt. Spenser Rapone, who is currently with the 10 th Mountain Division, regarding his political antics while in uniform. Show notes. Spenser Rapone was accepted to West Point in 2012, graduated in 2016 — and received an “other than honorable discharge” in June. We’ll discuss the last four chaotic years of US politics, what happened in November, and what to expect from the incoming Biden administration. From Hefner to Rapone: Changes in America Why was communist Spenser Rapone allowed into West Point after being kicked out of a Ranger Battalion? I did well in high school, and I might have been able to go to a state school, but I really couldn’t afford it. There were no red flags of any kind.”. In fact, in the documents about my investigation, one of the charges against me was about advocating for military labor unions. Their conversation has been edited and condensed for clarity. “We Were Terrorizing Some of the Most Exploited People on Earth”, Get a $20 discounted print subscription today, The CIA’s Secret Global War Against the Left. That said, we also need to do some de-programming with soldiers — I myself had to go through it — and it’s going to take a lot of patience. This was for a couple reasons. In an interview, Rapone explains how he went from a proud teenage Army private to an anti-war activist and member of the Democratic Socialists of America. Spenser Rapone received an other-than-honorable discharge less than a year after images like this one from his days at West Point went viral. 0:00. When I enlisted during the Obama era, one of the prevailing themes was “the commander in chief doesn’t understand what we’re doing.” The casual racism you see in American society is intensified in the military because of the hyper-masculine environment, especially in combat arms. You’re proof that resistance is still possible within an all-volunteer military, but how do we create more of that? Eyes Left Podcast In this debut episode of Eyes Left, hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the vision and goal of the podcast, how their experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan led them to become socialists, and … No one likes to deploy; no one likes to be separated from their friends and family to go inflict violence on human beings. WATERTOWN, N.Y. (AP) — The images Spenser Rapone posted on Twitter from his West Point graduation were intentionally shocking: In one, the cadet opens his dress uniform to expose a T-shirt with a blood-red image of socialist icon Che Guevara. Spenser Rapone joins us on the podcast as we discuss growing up in the aftermath of 9/11, Spencer’s time at West Point, his thoughts about the anti-war movement, and his new podcast Eyes Left. This launched a separate investigation back at West Point: hundreds of cadets who were even remotely associated with me were interviewed, and they were asked about their politics. Even if they decide to join, at least they’ll be armed with some degree of critical thinking. Even some of the true believers who claim they enjoy it or relish it — deep down, they know what they’re doing. Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner tell you why it's your right, and duty, to refuse to fight. There are many different social movements and organizations you could join, where you could actually aid people, and actually fight for freedom, for liberation, for emancipation. The war resisters from Vietnam were not all draftees; a substantial portion were volunteers. Spenser Rapone interview – Ep 21. There are a lot of veterans both active duty and not that feel like I do.”. ‎EYES LEFT is a military podcast hosted by two anti-war Army veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner, covering issues from a left-wing and socialist perspective. In addition to classic socialist theorists such as Karl Marx, Rapone says he found inspiration in the writings of Stan Goff, a retired Special Forces master sergeant who became a socialist anti-war activist. Within the military ranks, that was prevalent. A year prior, you had taken a picture at a Cubs game holding up a sign saying, “Vets for Kaepernick,” and I kept that idea in my back pocket. But it’s very daunting: how in the world are you supposed to say, “No, I’m not deploying.” That’s on us to create the structures — to have places for dissident soldiers and military personnel. 59 minutes Posted Sep 24, 2018 at 1:10 pm. Get a $20 discounted print subscription today! His Twitter account was discovered to also have posts that were heavily anti-American, and included insults about Vice President Mike Pence, and … Spenser Rapone was accepted to West Point in 2012, graduated in 2016 — and received an “other than honorable discharge” in June. You’re essentially guilty until proven innocent. So I thought, like the adage goes, maybe I could “change things from the inside.” I applied to West Point, and got accepted. Rapone's tweet went viral, sparking criticism, praise and confusion. He was deployed to Afghanistan in 2011 and was assigned as an assistant machine gunner in Khost Province. He enlisted as an infantryman out of high school in 2010, and deployed to Afghanistan in 2011. Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the Army Captain who waved a Trump flag in uniform, the sociopath Marine General Jim Mattis, and Army Major Tulsi Gabbard entering the 2020 race – Lyssna på Major Tulsi Gabbard, Reporting For Duty! We discuss the last four chaotic years of US politics, what happened in November, and what to expect from the Biden administration. Spenser Rapone is a former Army Ranger and Infantry Officer who resigned his commission in June 2018 due to his opposition to United States imperialism. My attorney told me that the military would win in this situation because of the way the uniform code of military justice is structured. We have to talk about the picture that caused this whole situation for you. They discussed Rapone’s time in the military, the myths of American empire, and how to rebuild the antiwar movement. Second, I knew if I was authentic in my worldview, I wouldn’t be able to continue serving my full commitment. "I consider myself a revolutionary socialist," said Spenser Rapone. WATERTOWN, N.Y. — The images Spenser Rapone posted on Twitter from his West Point graduation were intentionally shocking: In one, the smirking cadet opens his dress uniform to … Can you talk about some of the differences among active-duty soldiers under each president? And those views only hardened during his studies of history as one of the academy’s “Long Gray Line.”, Don't miss the top Army stories, delivered each afternoon. Spenser Rapone, 26, became notable a bit faster than most graduates. You signed up and went to West Point, in part, for an education. I was always told growing up that the US military protects the innocent, that we fight for freedom, truth, and justice. Then they essentially confined me to a range tower, which is a tall structure where you can oversee all the different operations happening on the rifle range. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Army Times Daily News Roundup. Can you start off by telling us about your background and why you decided to join the military? The report gave details on 2nd Lt. Spenser Rapone’s insubordination at the U.S. Military Academy and out-of-regulations online activity. RT America on Sep 29, 2018 Journalist Chris Hedges interview former combat veteran and US Army officer, Spenser Rapone about bravery and morality. “I was still idealistic,” he said.” I figured maybe I could change things from inside.”. The second lieutenant was given an “other than honorable” discharge June 18 after an Army investigation determined that he “went online to promote a socialist revolution and disparage high-ranking officers” and thereby had engaged in “conduct unbecoming an officer.” We’re in Chicago. But he put some skin in the game, and he suffered for it. He enlisted as an infantryman out of high school in 2010, and deployed to Afghanistan in 2011. But you can explain what their material relation to violence and power will be as a soldier and the harsh reality of what that means. There were no red flags of any kind." He could have been comfortable for the rest of his life. In another, he raises his fist and flips his cap to reveal the message: “Communism will win.”. I got back and began trying to process what I witnessed. I didn’t expect it to go viral like it did, but I thought maybe I could influence other soldiers. You posted it with a hashtag, #VeteransforKaepernick. I wouldn’t just be a soldier — I’d have to influence soldiers who were my subordinates. The images Spenser Rapone posted on Twitter from his West Point graduation were intentionally shocking: In one, the smirking cadet opens his dress uniform to expose a … Share at current time. A glaring example of that is that many of the politicians who claim to be staunch patriots and support the troops want to privatize the VA. Aside from that, reaching active-duty soldiers? John Bolton sent 5,000 of us to die for oil in Iraq. At the end of the day, the material effects of US foreign policy are largely the same [between administrations], but when Trump was elected, there was a noticeable shift. I’d have to find a way out somehow. Our new issue, “Biden Our Time,” will be out soon. Trump’s election emboldened them to act out in a way that wasn’t typical before. When it comes to antiwar resistance there’s an insistence on making it anti-Trump, or at the time, anti-Bush, rather than antiwar. “While in uniform, Spenser Rapone advocated for communism and political violence, and expressed support and sympathy for enemies of the United States,” Rubio said Monday, adding “I’m glad to see that they have given him an ‘other-than-honorable’ discharge.”. We also had the Viet Cong resisting. 59 minutes Posted Sep 24, 2018 at 1:10 pm. We were just persecuting and terrorizing some of the most exploited people on Earth with one of the most technologically advanced militaries in history. Elliott Abrams oversaw genocide in Guatemala. The images Spenser Rapone posted on Twitter from his May 2016 West Point graduation were meant to shock: in one, he opens his dress uniform … Within that time period, Marco Rubio wrote a letter to the acting secretary of the army, Ryan McCarthy. Our new issue is out now. But what happens is that because in the US our civic religion is patriotism, folks who at one time had nothing but hate for it — they couldn’t stand being in the field, waking up for [physical training] — when they get out, they’re placed on a pedestal as a veteran. Eventually I was pulled out of the field and went through the different legal channels. But you asked how we get more people to resist. Add to My Queue Download MP3 Share episode. Less than a year after Rapone’s images drew a firestorm of vitriol and even death threats, the second lieutenant who became known as the “commie cadet” is officially out of the U.S. Army with an other-than-honorable discharge. In this May 2016 photo provided by Spenser Rapone, Rapone raises his left fist while displaying a sign inside his hat that reads “Communism will win”, after graduating from the … In this debut episode of Eyes Left, hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the vision and goal of the podcast, how their experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan led them to become socialists, and why US troops should resist U.S. foreign policy. An interview with Spenser Rapone — the “commie cadet” that got kicked out of the military for standing against US imperialism. He’s holding up a sign under his hat, and it says, “Communism will win.” But you sat on the photo for a while. The next morning, one of the field-grade officers said to me, “So, I hear you’re a fan of Colin Kaepernick,” and I thought, “Oh boy, here we go.” Then my chain of command pulled me aside and told me I was under investigation. So, one key is articulating “antiwar” in terms of the structural phenomena we witness: how war is profitable, how it’s designed to be endless. But as bad as that is, there’s something very different about taking a human life yourself, let alone if you don’t understand what cause it’s serving. Officially, the Army said in a statement only that it conducted a full investigation and “appropriate action was taken.”, An unrepentant Rapone summed up the fallout in yet another tweet Monday that showed him extending a middle finger at a sign at the entrance to Fort Drum, accompanied by the words, “One final salute.”, “I consider myself a revolutionary socialist,” the 26-year-old Rapone told The Associated Press. Whether you’re on the front lines or not, you’re still complicit in the killing of other human beings and the pursuit of US foreign policy. If you’re able to articulate what that will do to you as a human being, and how you’ll be forced to live with that — and that’s not scare-mongering, it’s speaking to what they will actually have to execute as a soldier in the US military — that can at least plant the seed for them to grapple with these questions. “We were bullies in one of the poorest countries on Earth,” Rapone said. It’s now in US military code that that’s illegal. Top brass at Fort Drum accepted Rapone’s resignation Monday after an earlier reprimand for “conduct unbecoming of an officer.”, Rapone said an investigation found he went online to advocate for a socialist revolution and disparage high-ranking officers. Can you talk about the repercussions afterwards, not only from the military, but the right-wing media, your family, etc.? WATERTOWN, N.Y. (AP) — The images Spenser Rapone posted on Twitter from his West Point graduation were intentionally shocking: In one, the cadet opens his dress uniform to expose a T-shirt with a blood-red image of socialist icon Che Guevara. That didn’t faze me too much, but my family was worried, and began to get “alt-right” trolls trying to dox me and find their information. Catalyst, a new journal published by Jacobin, is out now. That was accepted, and I got issued an “other than honorable” discharge. So, I’m sure some of you had questions about Second Lt. Spenser Rapone, who is currently with the 10 th Mountain Division, regarding his political antics while in uniform. The narrative that a conscription army is the only thing that will produce war resisters is flawed and ahistorical. Today Rick discusses this and shares an interview with Dr. Judith Reisman. The so-called “Commie Cadet” was anything but a communist at the start of his military career. As the the potential for major US war in the Middle East looms greater than the days before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner are joined by former Army Ranger, Afghanistan veteran and war resister Rory Fanning to discuss the Iran crisis, options service members have to resist, and reactions to the Democratic candidates' statements in response to Trump's war crimes. And even if you’re not in combat, you’re supplying the bullets, you’re supplying the food, to aid in the war effort. But they won't say how. 59:04. They also talk about their new project @EyesLeft, a podcast encouraging rebellion within the ranks of the war machine. But they said “no,” and that I could either go to a board of inquiry, which is basically an adversarial trial — one side presents their case, I present mine — or I could leave unconditionally. Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner... – Lytt til Venezuela: Refuse to Fight Another Oil War fra Eyes Left Podcast direkte på mobilen din, surfetavlen eller nettleseren - ingen nedlastinger nødvendig. EYES LEFT is a military podcast hosted by two anti-war Army veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner, covering issues from a left-wing and socialist perspective. An unrepentant Rapone summed up the fallout in yet another tweet Monday that showed him extending a middle finger at a sign at the entrance to … Spenser Rapone, known as the “Commie Cadet,” spoke out for NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick and expressed his support for left-wing politics. Military leaders and veterans unload on Fox host for comments on female troops, Marine rifle changes and a possible new Air Force Fighter | Defense News Weekly Full Episode, 3.6.21, 100-year-old World War II vets look back | Observation Post, Major changes to Marine rifle qualifications arrive | Military Times Reports, Murder of newly commissioned lieutenant leads to advocacy and lasting change, West Virginia Army National Guardsman dies, The etymology of ‘f*ck’ and the war that popularized it, Chief still concerned about the demands on soldiers, Marijuana legalization hasn’t harmed Army’s recruit outcomes, study says, https://www.armytimes.com © 2021 Sightline Media Group. On the other hand, many people reached out and showed me support. Show notes. West Point released a statement after Rapone posted the photos, saying his actions “in no way reflect the values of the U.S. Military Academy or the U.S. Army.” And U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio, a Florida Republican, called on the secretary of the Army to remove Rapone from the officer ranks. This is home to the largest concentration of JROTC students in any school district in the country. The Army has disciplined 2nd Lt. Spenser Rapone, the former West Point cadet who wore a Che Guevara shirt under his uniform at graduation. EYES LEFT is a military podcast hosted by two anti-war Army veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner, covering issues from a left-wing and socialist perspective. Worth Fighting For: An Army Ranger's Journey Out of the Military and Across America, “Having America Care About You Is Not Necessarily a Good Thing”. We saw people hijack helicopters within the ranks to drop propaganda flyers over military bases. He explained that he took the offending selfies at his May 2016 West Point graduation ceremony and kept them to himself until last September, when he tweeted them in solidarity with NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick, who was taking heat for kneeling for the national anthem to raise awareness of racism. Interview by Rory Fanning. I want to shift gears. That conditions you to think a certain way about the world, about what’s morally right and ethical. At that time, I had some idea of what US imperialism constituted from my own experiences, but I didn’t have a political education, which is crucial to understanding these things. 0:00. Now they've teamed with Trump to launch another oil war in Venezuela. Many other military personnel also tweeted in favor of Kaepernick, although most were supporting free speech, not communism. Spenser Rapone interview – Ep 21. Whether you’re in combat arms or not, there’s a tangible chance that you’ll be killed. Add to My Queue Download MP3 Share episode. Or at the very least, I’d be able to remove myself from the army and find a way to talk about my experiences in some type of antiwar movement. Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the Army Captain who waved a Trump flag in uniform, the sociopath Marine General Jim Mattis, and Army Major Tulsi Gabbard entering the 2020 race – Lyssna på Major Tulsi Gabbard, Reporting For Duty! June 2018: Spenser Rapone stands beside a monument honoring soldiers of the U.S. Army's 10th Mountain Division at Thompson Park in Watertown, N.Y. (AP Photo/Mary Esch) June 2018: Spenser Rapone … The opening I saw was the one-year anniversary of Colin Kaepernick’s protest of police brutality. We’re Celebrating Our 10th Anniversary. I soon found myself trying to resolve the contradiction of my future officership. The debate on Kaepernick started up again, with Trump denouncing him and other football players expressing solidarity. Can you describe why you decided to say that? So, you explain that, and ask questions about how if you’re an infantryman, and you’re forced to kill another human being, whose interest is that serving and why were you so prepared to take that human life in the first place? military." Spenser Rapone joins us on the podcast as we discuss growing up in the aftermath of 9/11, Spencer’s time at West Point, his thoughts about the anti-war movement, and his new podcast Eyes Left. ! The right-wing hysteria was quickly whipped up: publications like the Daily Caller and Infowars ran stories. Abby and Robbie Martin interview Iraq War veteran Mike Prysner and Afghanistan War veteran Spenser Rapone about their experiences that turned them from patriotic soldiers into anti-imperialist socialists. I sat on those photos — the first one of “Communism will win” inscribed in my hat, the second one of me wearing a Che Guevara shirt underneath [my uniform] — from the time I graduated in May 2016 to September 2017. Dandelion Salad with Chris Hedges RT America on Sep 29, 2018 Journalist Chris Hedges interview former combat veteran and US Army officer, Spenser Rapone about bravery and morality. Initially, after the invasion of Iraq, there was a substantial antiwar movement, but five years later, with the election of Barack Obama, a lot of that dissipated.
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